Pneumatic tool.



B. M. CARMINA.

PNEUMATIC TOOL.

APPLICATION mu) MAR. 31, I914.

PatentedJune 8, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

B. M. CARMINA.

PNEUMATIC TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 31, 19M.

Patented June 8 B.- M. CARMINA.

v PNEUMATIC TOOL. APPLICATION FILED MAR- 31, 1914- I awe/Mo e gatentedqune 8,1915.

a SHEETS-SHEET 3'.

BENJAMIN M. c RMINA, or NEW YORK,- N. Y.

4 :gNEuMATI'c moon. I

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented J 11116 8, 1915..

- Application filed March 31, 1914;. Serial No. 828,509.

To all whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN M. CAR- MINA, a citizen of the United States,-residing at New York, in the county of New. York and State of New York, have inventednew and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tools, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to pneumatic hammers and it consists'in the novel features hereinafter described and claimed.

Anobject of the invention is to provide a hammer of simple and compact arrangement of parts whereby the hammer may be easily and conveniently used in places where Another object of the invention is to provide in a hammer of the character indicated means for turning or controlling the valve which in turn controls the fluid pressure the said valve being limited in its turning movement and being devoid of springs whereby a simple and durable structure is provided.

A still further object of the invention is to improve generally the structure of a. pneumatic hammer in order to render the action of the same'eflicient and at the same time to provide a compact assemblage of parts.

Other objects and advantages will be made manifest as the invention is described and its features are pointed out.

In the accompanying drawings :Figure 1 is a side elevation of the hammer. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the same.

same cut on the line 33 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is hammer-cut on the line 10-10 of Fig. 2. p

F ig. 11 is a side elevation of a slightly modified form of the hammer. tailed sectional-view of the form of hammer as shown in Fig. 11 cut on the line 1212 thereof. Figs. 13 and 14 are side elevations of different patterns of tools which may be used in conjunction with the hammer. The hammer comprises a cylinder -1 which is provided at one end with a relatively Fig. 12 is a delarge and short bore 2 and at its other end with a relatively large and long bore 3. The cylinder is further provided with an intermediate bore 4- which is of small diameter as compared with the diameters of the bores 2 and 3. A nipple 5 is located at one side of V the cylinder 1 and is provided with an opening which communicates with the interior of .the said cylinder 1 at/the point where the bores 3 and 4 come together. point where the opening to the nipple 5 enters the cylinder 1 a shoulder 6 is provided in the interior of the said cylinder 1 and this shoulder is partially beveled at-its inner edge as at 7 as'most clearly shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing. The cylinder 1- is provided at At the v a point between its ends with an outstanding projection 8 which in turn is provided at its-face with teeth 9. Adjacent the projection 8 the cylinder 1 is externally threaded as at 10 and a cap 11 is screw threaded at one end into engagement with the thread 10. The inner surface of the opposite end portion of the cap 11.is spaced from the exterior surface of the cylinder 1 as shown in Figs. 2 and-3 and the outer end of the cap 11 is closed by a wall 12.' The inner surface of thewall 12 is spaced from the end of the cylinder las shown in Fig. 2 and the Wall 12 is provided at its center with an inwardly disposed portion 13. The Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the *cylinder- 1 at its bored portion 3 is provided with ports 14 which communicate with the a detailed sectional view of a portion of the interior of the said cylinder and the space hammercut on the'line 4-4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the hammer looking at the opposite side from that shown in Fig.

1. Fig- 6 is a perspective view of a counter cap used upon the hammer. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a valve used in the hammer. Fig. 8 is a side elevation with part in section of a handle which may be applied to the hammer Fig. 9 is an enlarged detailed sectional view of features of the hammer. Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view ofthe between the inner surface of the cap 11- and the exterior of the said cylinderl. The cylinder 1 is further provided with ducts 15 as shown in Figs. :2 and 3; the said ducts communicate at their inner ends with the larger bored portion 3 of the cylinder 1 at points beyond the ports 14 and the other end of the said ducts 15 open at the exterior of the cylinder 1 at points at the opposite side of the projection 8. Thesaid ducts are disposed in the same general direction as der 1.

the long dimension of the cylinder 1 and iiiasmuch as the said ductsare employed /for permitting the exhaust air to escape from the hammer the said air may be directed to- 5 ward the tool w ich is carried by the hammer as will be h reinafter explained. The cap 11 is provided at that end which is in engagement with the thread with a housing 16 in which is located a spring pressed pin 17; this pin is adapted to engagean the spaces between the teeth 9 andconsequently when the cap 11 is screw d no position on the cylinder 1 and the s 1d pm 17 engages between the said teeth 9 the cap '11 is pre- 15 vented from unscrewing upon the cylinder. The pin 17 is provided with a stem 18 which passes through the end of the housing 16.

and which is provided with a head 19. WVhen it is desired to unscrew the cap 11 from the cylinder 1 the operator grasps the head 19 and ulls the pin 17 awayfr'roin the teeth 9 and vihen the end of the said pin 17 clears the end of the said teeth the cap 11 may be readily unscrewed from the cylin- A valve 20 is turnably mounted in the nipple 5 and the said valve 1s best shown 1n the perspective view Fig. 7. The valve 20 is provided with a passage 21 which passes transversely through the same and which may be brought into alinement with the opening to the ni ple 5 or which may be positioned at a rig t angle to the openlng to the nipple 5 whereby the said n pple may be 335 closed. A strainer 22 is located in the nlpple 5 adjacent the valve 20 and is adapted to prevent particles of foreign matter from passing through the nipple wlth the fluid pressure. The nipple 5 may be connected with a hose or any other sultable means for conducting the fluid pressureto the hammer.

. The valve 20 is provided at one side with a relatively long groove 23 which normally receives a pin 24. which passes through the nipple 5 and when once positioned remains -fixed with relation to the said nipple. The valve 20 is further provided with a relatively short groove 25 which may also receive the pin 2 1 when it is deslred to temporarily fix the valve 20 in an open position with relation to the passageway through the nipple 5. An end portion of the valve 20 projects beyond the side of the nipple 5 and the said projecting end portion of the said valve is provided with teeth 26. A. counter cap 27 is turnably mounted on the cap 11 and is provided at one side with an arm 28 having teeth 29 which mesh with the teeth 26 of the valve 20. The counter cap 27 is also slidably mounted upon the cap 11 and a spring 30 is interposed between the end of the cap 11 and the endof the counter cap 27 as most clearly shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. A lug 31 is provided at the side of the cap 11 and is received in $1 11.-shaped slot 32 provided in the side of the counter-cap 27. One end portion of the'slot 32 is disposed longitudinally of the cylinder 1 while the other end portion of the said slot is disposed transversely with relation to the long dimension of the cylinder 1. Consequently when the counter cap 27 is turned with relation to the cap 11 so that i the lug 31 is opposite the end of that portionot th slot 32 which is disposed longitudinally of the cylinder 1 the tension of the spring 30 comes into play and moves the counter cap 27 longitudinally with relation to the cap 11. At this time by reason of the engagement between the teeth 29 of the arm 28 and the teeth 26 of the valve 20 the said valve is turned to a closed position in the nipple 5. That is to say the passage 21 through the said valve 20 is disposed at a right angle to the passageway through the said nipple.' Therefore when the lug 31 is received in that end portion of the slot 32 as shown in Figs. 5 and 11 the valve 20is closed; when however the counter cap 27 is moved in an inward direction with relation to the counter cap 11 and the said cap 27 is then turned so that the end portion of the slot 32 which is disposed at a right angle to the long dimension of the cylinder 1 receives the lug 31 the teeth 29 of the arm. 28 operating in the spaces between the teeth 26 of the valve 20 will turn the said valve 20 to an open position in the nipple 5. This of course takes place when the pin 24 is received in the long slot 23 of the valve 20. Therefore it will be seen that means is provided for easily and quickly turning the valve 20 and when the valve is turned to a closed position it is positively held in such position under the influence of the spring 30 so that the liability of accidents resulting from the valve 20 opening unexpectedly is eliminated. The presence of an abutment in the form of a screw plug 32 arranged in a lateral ear 33 prevents disengagement of the counter cap 27 from the cap 11.

When it is desired to hold the valve 20 in anopen position temporarily with relation to the nipple'5 the pin 24 is withdrawn from the nipple and the valve 20 is turned so that the slot 25 is brought into register with the opening in the nipple'5 which receives the pin'24. The said pin 24 is then inserted through the'nipple 5 and the intermediate portion of the pin is received in the slot 25 and thus the valve 20 is temporarily held in a fixed and open position with'relation to the nipple 5.

A piston 33 is slidably mounted in' the cylinder 1 and is provided with a larger end portion 34 which is received in'the bore 3 of the said cylinder and a smaller end por tion 35 which is received in the intermediate bore' 4 of the said cylinder. At the point where the larger and smaller end portions 34 and join each other there is provided an annular shoulder 36 which is adapted at times to encounter the shoulder 6 in round the intermediate portion of the said piston and operate between the shoulders 6 and 36 and the beveled portion 7 of the shoulder 6. The smaller end portion 35 of the piston 36 is hollow as at 37 to receive the shank of the tool so that the presence of a relatively long cylinder which would be required if the smaller end of the said piston were'solid, will be avoided.

The forward end of the cylinder is provided with a bushing 38 which al ines with the hollow end of the piston. A tool such as is shown in Figs. 13 and 14, is formed with a shank portion adapted for ready insertion into the bushing and hollow end of the piston, and a latch in the form of a pin 40 passing through" alining openings in the bushing and cylinder and pressed inwardly by a spring 43 connected at one end to a lug 42, operates to prevent the tool from being kicked or forced out of the cylinder when impinged upon by the piston during the outward stroke thereof. .With the tool shown in Fig. 13, the end of the latch disposed within the bore of the bushing, enters the slot 45 in the-shank of the said tool, while in the form shown in Fig. 14 the end of the latch is disposed in front of a shoulder on the shank 46 of the said tool. It will be observed that the inner end of the :pin is beveled as indicated at 44, so as to yield outwardly against the action of its spring 43 uponthe introduction of the tool into the bushing and the piston. Upon the slot 45 of the tool shown in Fig. 13 coming into alinement with the pin 40 or the shoulder on the shank 46 of the tool shown in Fig. 14 clearing the inner end of the pin, the latter moves inwardly to its normal position under the action of its spring 43.

In Figs. 13 and 14 of the drawing two patterns of tools are shown. The tool shown in Fig. 13 has its shank provided with a longitudinally disposed slot 45 which is-adapted to receive the inner end portion of the pin 41. Consequentlythe said tool maymove longitudinally with relation to the cylinder 1 but is restrained against turning movement with relation to the said cylinder. The tool as shown in Figs. 14 is provided at its shank with an annular reduced portion 46 which is adapted to lie opposite the inner end of the pin 41. Consequently the tool as shown in Fig. 14 when in position in the bushing 38 may not onlymove longitudinally-with relation to the cylinder 1 but may also turn-with relation to the same.

In the form of the invention as illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12 the ducts 15 are dispensed with and in lieu thereof ports 48 are provided in the cylinder 1 and a plug 47 is screw threaded in the cap 11 and is-provided with passage ways 49 which are adapted to register with the ports '48. The ports 48 occur approximately at the points where the inner ends of the ducts 15 occur as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing.

The operation of the hammer is as follows. Presuming that the parts are in the positions as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing.. and fluid pressure is permitted to pass through the nipple 15 the said pressure impinges against the shoulder 36 and moves the said shoulder away from the shoulder 6. As the fluid pressure continues to enter the cylinder .1 the piston 33 is 'moved longitu- -dinally of the cylinder 1 toward the inwardly disposed portion 13 of the wall 12 of the cap 11. When theend of the piston 33 passes beyond the inner ends of the ducts 15 the fluid pressure between the inner ends of the ducts 15 and the end of the cap 11 is trapped and while the piston 33 still continues to move toward the part 13 its rate of speed is checked until the enlarged portion 34 of the said piston 33 uncovers the port 14. At thistime the fluid pressure passes through the port 14 and through the space between the inner surface of' the cap 11 of the exterior of the cylinder 1 and through the space between the wall 12 and the end of the said cylinder and operates against that end of the enlargement 34 of the piston 33 which is nearest the portion 13 and forces the piston 33 rapidly toward the bushing 38. This, of course, causes the inner end of the hollow part of the piston 37' to strike the end of the tool and the tool is driven forcibly against its work. As

soon as the enlarged portion "34 uncovers the inner ends of the ducts 15 the fluid pressure exhausts through the said ducts and is directed toward the tool and consequently blows thedust away from the work which may have been caused by the impact between the tool and the work. Thus the parts are brought back to the positions as shown in Fig. 2 and this operation is repeated during the operation of the hammer.

In the form of the invention as shown in .120 Figs. 11 and 12 the same operation takes place except that the exhaustof the fluid pressure passes out from the cylinder 1 through the ports 48 and passages 49 and is not directed toward the tool.

It sometimes becomes necessary to use the hammer in places where space is limited, as for instance, on the inside of boilers, to remove the scale, or in fire or water tubes, or fire plates. When this is the case, the elbow 180 i. nipple. At this time the valve 20 is turned in the nipple 5 and the pin 24 assedthrough the slot 23 so the said valve 1s held permanently in the open position. When the parts are so positioned the counter cap '27 together with the handle attached there to, may be removed from the cylinder and the tool thereby rendered to occupy a minimum of space. In this case the passage way of the fluid pressure may be controlled .by a valve (not shown) attached to the pipe 51 and in fact any number of sections of pipes may constitute the pipe line 51. Therefore, the hammer may be passed by using the pipe 51 as a lever into places where space is limited, and the tool may be operated'against the work. In instances where it is desired to have the cylinder arranged substantially parallel with the work, the elbow 504is adjusted into the nipple 5 as shown in Fig. 1, and the hose pipe 51 connected to the said nipple. Ordinarily, the hammer is provided at one end and upon the counter cap 27, with a handle 52 which may be secured by screws or other suitable devices, to the said counter cap 27. When the hammer is used where space is ample the handle 52 is applied and the operator turns the counter capv 27 with relation to the cap 11 by using the handle 52. However, when the hammer is used in places where space is limited, the handle 52 is removed and consequently the hammer may be employed in places more or less remote and inaccessible. I Having described the invention what is claimed is 1. A pneumatic hammer comprising a cylinder having a nipple and provided with suitable exhaust ports, a piston movably mounted in the cylinder, avalve turnably mounted in the nipple, means for limiting the turning movement of the valve and means turnably mounted beyond the end of the cylinder for turning the valve.

2. A pneumatic hammer comprising a cylinder having a nipple and provided with suitable exhaust ports, a piston movably mounted in the cylinder, a valve turnably mounted in the nipple, and a counter cap turnably mounted beyond the endof the cylinderv and engaging the valve.

3. A- pneumatic hammer comprising a cylinder provided with a nipple and having suitable exhaust ports, a valve turnably mounted in the nipple and provided with suitable exhaust ports, a piston movably mounted in the cylinder, a valve turnably mounted in the nipple and having teeth, a cap mounted upon the cylinder, a counter cap turnably mounted on the first mentioned cap and having an arm provided with teeth which mesh with the teeth of the valve, there being lug and slot connection between the two caps anda spring interposed between the ends of the two caps.

5. A pneumatic hammer comprising a cylinder having a nipple and provided with suitable exhaust ports, a piston slidably mounted in the cylinder, a valve turnably mounted in the,nipple, and having spaced grooves of different lengths, a pin detachably mounted in the nipple and adapted to enter one or the other of the grooves, and means mounted upon the cylinder for turning the valve when thepin is in the longer groove thereof.

6. A pneumatic hammer comprising a cylinder having a nipple and provided with suitableexhaust ports, a piston movably mounted in the cylinder, a valve turnably mounted in the nipple and having teeth, a cap mounted upon the cylinder, a counter cap turnably mounted on the first mentioned cap and having an arm provided with teeth which mesh withthe teeth on the valve, there being lug and slot connection between the two caps to limit the turning movement of the counter cap. In testimony whereof ll aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

BENJAMIN M. CARMINA. Witnesses:

JOHN A. DONEGAN, Tnno. H; FRIEND. 

